Web programming encompasses various technologies and concepts used to develop web applications. Let's explore each of them in detail:
1. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language):
HTML is the standard markup language used to create the structure and content of web pages. It uses tags to define elements like headings, paragraphs, images, links, forms, etc.
Example:
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<img src="image.jpg" alt="Image">
<a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example</a>
</body>
</html>
```
2. DHTML (Dynamic HTML):
DHTML is a combination of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript that allows web pages to become more dynamic and interactive.
Example (DHTML with JavaScript):
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Dynamic Web Page</title>
<style>
p {
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p id="demo">This is a paragraph.</p>
<script>
var element = document.getElementById("demo");
element.innerHTML = "Dynamic content!";
element.style.fontSize = "24px";
</script>
</body>
</html>
```
3. XML (eXtensible Markup Language):
XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
Example:
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bookstore>
<book>
<title>Sample Book</title>
<author>John Doe</author>
<price>29.99</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
```
4. Scripting (JavaScript):
JavaScript is a programming language that adds interactivity to web pages. It is executed on the client-side by web browsers.
Example (JavaScript alert):
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="alert('Hello, World!')">Click Me</button>
</body>
</html>
```
5. Java Servlets:
Java Servlets are server-side components that handle client requests and generate dynamic web content. They run on the server and interact with web browsers using the HTTP protocol.
Example:
```java
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<html><body>");
out.println("<h1>Hello, World!</h1>");
out.println("</body></html>");
}
}
```
6. Java Applets:
Java Applets are small programs written in Java that run within a web browser. They were popular for adding interactive features to web pages, but their usage has decreased due to security concerns.
Example (Simple Applet):
```java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class Myapplet extends Applet {
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString("Hello, Applet!", 20, 20);
}
}
```
These technologies and concepts form the foundation of web programming and are used together to create dynamic and interactive web applications. Understanding them is essential for developing modern web applications.
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